NanoInkJet printing through voltage controlled deposition

Nanonics’ NanoInJet printing allows for writing with electric pulses across the tip of the nanopipette.  This is obtained by applying a voltage between two electrodes located at the metal coating of the nanopipette tip and a Pt wire immersed in the liquid inside the nanopipette tube.  This type of voltage allows for separation of molecules and the selective chemical writing of specific chemical species.  This marries to great fields of chemical nanolithography and capillary zone electrophoresis. The voltage on the outside of the pipette can also be on the sample.  Thus you have one electrode in the inside of the nanopipette and the other on the sample.  For this the sample can be conducting or semiconducting but also a thin cover slip of glass coated with metal on the side opposite to what you are writing on.  

A) Positive or negative voltage pulses are provided between the metal coating at the nanopipette’s tip and the liquid at the inner area of the nanopipette
B) Positive or negative voltage pulses are provided between the metal coating at the nanopipette’s tip and the sample
C) Positive or negative voltage pulses are through three electrodes including nanopipette’s tip metal coating, sample and the liquid at the inner nanopipette area.